TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

Preface 

Abbreviations 

Explanatory 

Kelloggs in the Old World 1 

Kelloggs in the New World 17 

Appendix I 1743 

Appendix II 1801 

Appendix III 1802 

Appendix IV 1811 

Appendix V 1815 

Index to Persons and Places Vol. Ill 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Facsimile of Martin Kellogg's Will Frontispiece Vol. I 

Facsimile of Nicholas Kellogg's Will Frontispiece Vol. II 

Ancient Map of Essex County, England Frontispiece Vol. Ill 

St. Mary and All Saints' Church, Debden, England. 

Interior of St. Mary and All Saints' Church, Debden, England. 

St. Mary's Church, Great Leighs, England. 

Interior of St. Mary's Church, Great Leighs, England. 

St. Michael's Church, Braintree, England. 

St. Michael's Church, Bishop's Stortford, Englant). 

Martin Kellogg's House, Hoppet Lane, Braintree, England. 

Map of Braintree, England. 

Facsimile of Letter of Martin Kellogg, of Bronson, Ohio. . . .Facing 1752 

The Kellogg Harvester Co. 

CHICAGO-PLANO, ILLINOIS 



A Great Enterprise 

C A new corporation organized to co-oper­ate
with the dealer and farmer. : : 

C A unique undertaking which promises to 
become a powerful factor in the agricul­tural
implement world. : : : : 

H Dealer and farmer to become sharehold­ers
in the stock of company and to partici­pate
in the profits in which they are so 
important a factor in producing. : : 


M. KELLOGG 

* There has been found in the Old Records Office in London, a deed, 9 July, 1420, of the Manor of Wygepet in Elmedon, Arkesdes and Wygepet, in which Richard Kellowe, clerk, is mentioned as one of the grantees ( Ancient Deeds C. 2222 ) . Wygepet is about five miles from Debden, which is close enough to raise the question whether Kellowe may not have been an early form of the family name.
**A tax granted to the Crown, by Parliament, for the urgent occasions of the realm, and levied on every subject of ability according to the value of his lands or goods.

*James VI, of Scotland, afterward James I, of England, was b. in 1566, and ascended the throne of Great Britain, 24 Mar., 1603.
**There are no subsidy rolls for this parish, giving names, between the close of the fourteenth century and 1525.

* New and Complete History of Essex from the Earliest Aera down to 1769. By Gentleman, Chelmsford, 1769.

*Mary seems to be an error, as we have name of John Kellogg's wife as Anne (Annis and Agnes same name) and in will of John Killogge, of Mallendyne (ancient name of Manuden), we find father-in-law Jonas Bull and mother Anne Bull. Will proved in P. C. C, 24 Oct., 1656, was dated 16 JIar., 1654. He was probably son of John and Annis, who was bap. 21 Nov., 1630.

** Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Probate Act Book, 1G31-33, p. 225: Administra­tion on estate of John Kellogg, late of Manuden, deceased, granted to Agnes Kellogg, his wife, at Stortford, 1 July, 1633.

*** In the Commissary Court of London, Essex and Harts, Register Fish, folio 102: Will of Arthur Kellogg, of Great Parnden, Essex (about ten miles from Maunden), April 18, 1666, gives to "Ralph Kellogg of Maunden; also to five children of Thomas, Edward, Richard, Ralph and Susapna." Prohate granted, 7 Sept., 1667. No Kelloggs are men­tioned in the Registers of Great Parnden.

* Black Notley adjoins Braintree.

* Abstract of the will of William Hall, of Debden, A. D. 1515:
"Archdeaconry of Colchester, Francoys Register fo. 36.
"In the Name of God, Amen. The 4th day of October, 1515, I, William Hall of Deb­den, whole in mind etc., make my testament, in this wise. First, I bequeath my soul etc. — My body to be buried in the churchyard of All Hallowes of Debden. To the High Altar 12d; to the holy rood etc. — Item I owe to Joan Hall, 21. After the decease of Florence my wife etc. I give to John Byeston, my brother, etc. Witnesses — Sir William Mason, Thomas Hockley and Nicholas Keylogg."

* The records show that Nicholas Kellogg, of Debden, m. Florence, dau. of William Hall; the second wife of Thomas Kellogg, of Great Leighs, was the widow of Thomas Halles or Hall, of that parish; Martin Kellogg, son of Phillippe, m. Prudence, dau. of John Bird, of Bishop's Stortford. There was a John Bird in Debden, perhaps son of Phillippe Bird, who was associated with the Kelloggs as a witness to wills as well as a supervisor. One William Bird m. in Great Leighs in 1645, Amma, dau. of Thomas Kellogg.

* The will of John Burde of the hamlet of Hockrell, in the Parish of Bishop's Stort­ford, County of Hertford, yeoman, dated 31 Jan., 1625, proven in the Commissary Court of London, Essex and Herts, 27 Feb., same year, directs that his body shall be buried in the churchyard of said parish; gives 20s. to the poor; "to Mr. Bendish, our minister, 10s. for his pains to make a sermon on the day of my burial"; makes his wife, Prudence, his sec­urities; and provides for her support during her lifetime ; mentions his son. John, and wife, Frances; bequeaths to son William £10 to be paid when he comes of age (a William Bird m., in Great Leighs, Amma, dau. of Thomas Kellogg) ; dau. Jane, £30 at the age of 22; dau. Susan £3 at the age of 22; £3 to dau. Mary (Thomas Waterman m. Mary Bird in 1624. In his will, 1628, he mentioned his deceased wife, Mary, and his brother-in-law, Martin Kellogg, of Much Leez, Essex, clothier, weaver), "which I give her in consideration of a gowne cloth which I promised her upon her marriage;" to dau. Prudence 20s.
**Deacon Edward Stebbins was in Cambridge, Mass., 1633; an original proprietor of Hartford in 1636.

* John Skinner, an original proprietor of Hartford, was from Braintree.
** The Hearth Tax, a payment to the King of 2s. on every hearth in all houses paying to the church and poor, was first established by Statute 13 and 14 Car. II, although a sim­ilar tax under the name of fumage, or smoke farthings, was a custom of great antiquity, mention thereof being made in Domesday Book. This tax, which was especially obnoxious on account of its inquisitorial nature, was finally abolished by Statute I, William and Mary.

* Spelling as in the registers.
** Perhaps husband of Jane Allison, mentioned in will of Nathaniel Kellogg, of Farmington.

* Between 1620-29 and 1640, the limits of the Puritan emigration, there was an average of about 2,000 emigrants to New England in each year, and it is said that from these 21,000 people are descended more than one-fourth of the present population of the United States.

* "The earlier settlers of New England for many reasons dwelt in villages. Among these reasons were the fear of wolves and Indians, and the desire to be near the meeting­house with all that this signified." — Memorial History, Hartford, 2-172.
** The General Court granted lands in townships, but seldom prescribed the manner in which they were to be apportioned among the inhabitants. In making allotments, no uni­form rule was observed; lands were variously distributed in different towns, and even in the same town. In making divisions, persons and property were considered. The head of the family and the sons, and sometimes the wife and all the children, were taken into ac­count. Ministers, and some besides them, received land from other considerations.
In many towns in Massachusetts and Connecticut, some tracts were distributed equally to all the proprietors. Home lots were nearly equal. In a few towns the least share was half as much as the greatest, or the poorest man received half as much land as the richest. In others the smallest share was only one-third, one-fourth, one-sixth or one-tenth as much as the largest. In some the inequality was much greater, a few individuals receiving very large allotments on account of large estates and disbursements. — History of Hadley.
*** Their churches were Congregational, the officers being a minister and a teacher, who were of equal authority, ruling elders and deacons. Every town had its meeting-house, and the people were summoned to public worship by the blowing of a conch shell or the beating of a drum, until later, when bells were introduced. The men and women were not seated together and the services, which consisted of singing of the Psalms, without the aid of musical instruments, prayers and sermons were held at about nine in the morning and at two in the afternoon. Children were baptized in the meeting-houses generally the first Sun­day after their birth. There were no services at the burial of the dead.

*Among the early settlers of Hartford. Conn., who came from the vicinity of Brain­tree, England, were Elder William Goodwin. Ozias Goodwin, Richard Lyman, William Ruscoe, John Talcott, Thomas Westwood, Rev. Thomas Hooker and probably others.
**Capt. John Smith and others sent back glowing accounts of the wealth of the fisheries of America. "His accounts and similar ones were so much read in England, that when the Puritans asked King James for permission to come to America, and the King asked what profit would be found by their emigration, he was at once answered: 'Fishing.' Whereupon he said in turn: 'In truth 'tis an honest trade; 'twas the apostles' own calling.'" — Colonial Days.

*The original proprietors had rights in the common or undivided lands, while those admitted by courtesy to the town had no legal claim to a share in them.
**The Church in Farmington was organized 13 Oct., 1652. The following reference to this old church in the Memorial History of Hartford County (in the description of Bristol, which was taken from Farmington in 1785) is of interest:
"The early families were all Congregationalists. Every Sunday a little procession went through the woods eight miles to the old church at Farmington. A few families had two-horse carts in which all rode together, but more often the father rode on horseback and the mother behind him on a pillion, while the young people walked, taking great care not to break the Sabbath by any undue levity."
***Samuel Cave, of Braintree, in his will, 20 Oct., 1666, mentions his children, Nathaniel, Phebe, Mary and Rachel, who was the wife of John Parborow; brothers, John and Andrew Cave, and sister, Sarah Hante. He did not mention a wife, she probably being dead at the time the will was made. Witnesses, Sarah Hunt and Daniel Clark. — Com. of London, Essex and Herts, Reg. Fish, fo. 66.

*See page 13. Note **.

*Stephen Terry, son of John Terry and Mary White, came to America on the "Mary and John," in 1630; admitted freeman in Dorchester, Mass., 16 May, 1631; rem. to Wind­sor, Conn., in 1637, where he was a member of the first troop of cavalry organized in this country. He rem. to Hadley as early as 1663, and was its first constable. He d. there, 1668; "his wife d. 11 Aug., 1683.
**The river was formerly near the lower end of the street, and the landing was not far from his house. Aquavitae meadow, in Hadley, has received a great addition from North­ampton meadow, and the river is now forty-five or fifty rods south of the old landing place.

*"Edward Hopkins, Esq., resided some years in Hartford; d. in England, 1657. In his will of that year he bequeathed a portion of his property "to give some encouragement in those foreign plantations for the breeding up of hopeful youths, in way of learning, both at the Grammar School and College, for the public service of the country in future times." Hadley received one-fourth of the bequest, or £308, and established the Hopkins Grammar School.

*Samuel Hinsdale rem. from Hadley to Deerfield, where he was killed by the Indians, 18 Sept., 1675. His father, Robert Hinsdale, was an early settler of Dedham, Mass.; rem. to Hatfield, thence to Hadley, and later to Deerfield, where, together with his three sons, he was slain by the Indians, 18 Sept., 1675.
**Suffield was incorporated by Massachusetts, May, 1674; annexed to Connecticut. May, 1749.

* Brookfield was laid out in 1673 and invested with the privileges of a town in 1718. Its Indian name was Quabaug, signifying red pond, so called from the reddish, iron-stained gravel which forms the bottom and shores of the several ponds in the town.
** The earliest roads of travel throughout New England followed the Indian trails, or paths, and were but two or three feet wide. * * * The Old Connecticut Road or Bay Path started from Cambridge, ran to Marlboro, thence to Grafton, Oxford and Woodstock, and on to Springfield, and through Westfield and Great Barrington to the Hudson River and Albany.
The New Connecticut Road ran, as did the old road, from Boston to Albany. * * * It ran from Boston to Marlboro, thence to Worcester, Charlton and Brookfield and Spring­field.
The famous Bay Path, laid out in 1673, left the Old Connecticut Path at Happy Hol­low, now Wayland, Mass., and ran through Marlboro and Worcester, Oxford. Charlton and Brookfield, when it separated in two paths, one — the Hadley Path — running to Ware, Bel­chertown and Hadley, and the other returning to the Old Connecticut Path and on to Springfield.
For many years these paths were traveled, gradually widening from foot paths to bridle paths, to cart tracks, to carriage roads, until they became the post roads, set thick with cheerful country homes. In some portions of New England they are still traveled and form the general thoroughfares, but in many lonely townships the old paths are deserted and traffic and passage over the post, or country road, is gone forever.

*The inflammable chimneys of logs and clay, hurriedly and readily built by the first settlers, soon gave place in all houses to vast chimneys of stone, built with projecting inner ledges, on which rested a bar about six or seven or eight feet from the floor, called a lug­hole or a back-bar. This was made of green wood and thus charred slowly — but it charred surely in the generous flames of the great chimney heart. The destruction of a dinner sometimes was attended with the loss of a life.
Later the back-bars were made of iron.

*Philip Smith d, 10 Jan., 1685, "murdered with a hideous witchcraft," according to Cotton Mather's Magnalia, from which the following details are taken: "Mr. Philip Smith, aged about 50 years, a son of eminently virtuous parents, a deacon of a church in Hadley, a member of the General Court, a justice in the County Court, a selectman for the affairs of the town, a Lieutenant of the troop, and which crowns all, a man for devotion, sanctity, gravity, and all that was honest, exceeding exemplary. Such a man was in the winter of the year 1684, murdered with an hideous witchcraft, that filled all those parts of New Eng­land, with astonishment. He was, by his office concerned about relieving the indigences of a wretched woman in the town; who being dissatisfied at some of his just cares about her, expressed herself unto him in such a manner, that he declared himself thenceforward appre­hensive of receiving mischief at her hands. Early in January, he began to be very valetu­dinarious. He shewed such weanedness from the weariness of the world, etc. ♦ ♦ ♦ While he remained yet of a sound mind, he solemnly charged his brother to look well after him. Be sure (said he) to have a care of me. ♦ ♦ ♦ There shall be a wonder in Had­ley.
* * * In his distress he exclaimed much upon the young woman aforesaid, and others, as being seen by him in the room. Some of the young men in the town being out of their wits at the strange calamities thus upon one of their most beloved neighbors, went three or four times to give disturbance unto the woman thus complained of; and all the while they were disturbing of her, he was at case, and slept as a weary man; yea, these were the only times they perceived him to take any sleep in all his illness. Gaily pots of medicine provided for the sick man were unaccountably emptied: audible scratchings were made about the bed, when his hands and feet lay wholly still, and were held by others. They beheld fire sometimes on the bed; and when the beholders began to discourse of it, it

vanished away. Divers people actually felt something often stir in the bed, at a considerable distance from the man; it seemed as big as a cat, but they could never grasp it. Several trying to lean on the bed's head, tho' the sick man lay wholly still, the bed would shake so as to knock their heads uncomfortably. Mr. Smith dies; the jury that viewed his corpse found a swelling on one breast, his back full of bruises, and several holes that seemed made with awls. After the opinion of all had pronounced him dead, his countenance con­tinued as lively as if he had been alive: his eyes closed as in a slumber, and his nether jaw not falling down. Thus he remained from Saturday morning about sunrise, till Sabbath­day in the afternoon. When those who took him out of the bed, found him still warm, tho' the season was as cold as had almost been known in any age; and a New England winter does not want for cold. But on Monday morning they found the face extremely tumifled and discolored. It was black and blue, and fresh blood seemed running down his cheek upon the hairs. Divers noises were also heard in the room where the corpse lay; as the clattering of chairs and stools, whereof no account could be given. This was the end of so good a man."
Mary Webster, the woman who disturbed Philip Smith, was sent to Boston, tried for witchcraft, and acquitted. The young men of Hadley tried an experiment upon her. They dragged her out of the house, hung her up until she was near dead, let her down, rolled her some time in the snow, and at last buried her in it, and there left her. But she sur­vived, and died in 1696. No inhabitant of Hampshire Co. was ever executed for witchcraft. (History of Hadley, pp. 238-39.)

*Every farmer's daughter knew how to weave as well as to spin, yet it was not recog­nized as wholly woman's work as was spinning; for there was a trade of hand weaving for men, to which they were apprenticed. Every town had professional weavers. They were a universally respected class, and became the ancestors of many of the wealthiest and most influential citizens of today. They took inyarn and thread to weave on their looms at their own homes at so much a yard; wove their own yarn into stuffs to sell; had appren­tices to their trade, and also went out working by the day at their neighbors' houses, some­times carrying their looms many miles with them. Weavers were a universally popular element of the community. The traveling weaver was, like all other itinerant tradesmen of the day, a welcome newsmonger; and the weaver who took in weaving was often a sta­tionary gossip, and gathered inquiring groups in his looraroom; even children loved to go to his door to beg for bits of colored yarn-thrums, which they used in their play, and also tightly braided to wear as shoestrings, hairlaces, etc.

*Sarah Lewis was the dau. of William Lewis, first Recorder of Farmington, Conn., 1645, and granddaughter of William Lewis, an original settler of Hartford, 1636. Sergt. Bolt­wood was a man of remarkable strength and bravery, and was slain at Deerfield by the In­dians, 29 Feb., 1704.

*Slaves were more plentiful in Connecticut and Rhode Island than in Massachusetts and, in the main. New England slaves were not unhappy, for they were treated well, and the race has the gift to be merry in the worst of circumstances. Hawthorne says of them: "They were not excluded from the domestic affections; in families of middle rank, they had their places at the board; and when the circle closed around the evening hearth its blaze glowed on their dark, shining faces, intermixed familiarly with their master's chil­dren. It must have contributed to reconcile them to their lot, that they saw white men and women imported from Europe, as they had been from Africa, and sold, though only for a term of years, yet as actual slaves to the highest bidder." Some of these black men led noble lives in service, if we can trust the records on their tombstones. This elegant epitaph is upon a gravestone in Concord, Mass.:

"God wills us free; man wills us slaves,
I will as God wills, God's will be done.
Here lies the body of
John Jack,
A native of Africa, who died March, 1773, aged about sixty years.
Though born in a land of slavery
He was born free;
Though he lived in a land of liberty,
He lived a slave.
Till by his honest (though stolen) labors,
He acquired the cause of slavery,
Which gave him freedom.
Though not long before
Death, the grand tyrant,
Gave him his final emancipation.
And put him on a footing with Kings.
Though a slave to vice,
He practiced those virtues
Without which Kings are but slaves." — Customs and Fashions in Old New England.

*"In the seventeenth century the science of medicine had not wholly cut asunder from astrology and necromancy; and the trusting Christian still believed in some occult influ­ences, chiefly planetary, which governed not only his crops but his health and life. Hence the entries of births in the Bible usually gave the hour and minute, as well as the day, month and year. Thus could be accurately calculated what favoring or mischief-bearing planets were in ascendency at the time of the child's birth; what influences he would have to encounter in life." — Child Life in Colonial Days, pp. 5-6.

*The church expenses were then paid by general taxation, and each year a committee assigned the pews among the members of the congregation according to their wealth. In order, however, to pay proper respect to age and official rank, it was provided that every person should be allowed 50s. for each year of his age, and that a captain should be allowed in addition £20, a Lieutenant £10 and an Ensign £5). This custom was called dignifying the meeting-house.

*On the 19th of Sept., 1677, the Indians attacked Hatfield, burned several houses out­side the palisades, and killed or captured most of their occupants, and hurried off in triumph. The assailants were Indians from Canada under Ashpelon, and with the captives they retreated hurriedly up the river. Among the captured were Samuel Kellogg, who was eight years old, and Martha, the wife of Benjamin Waite, with her children, Mary, Martha and Sarah. The captives were bound, and the march to far-off Canada began. This was the first party of whites ever taken on the sad journey so often traveled in after years. In scattered order they traversed the woods, the Indians imitating the voice of beasts and birds that they should not lose one another, or be discovered by the English, if followed. They halted for the night near the mouth of Hearthstone Brook, and at daybreak crossed Connecticut River at Sheldon's Rocks. From this place ten men were sent back to the town and returned with about ten horses loaded with corn and other provisions. Here they marked on trees, as was their custom, the number of killed and captured. Continuing their march, they crossed the river again at Peskeompskut and camped for the night a few miles above. Here the captives were staked down and told the Indian law was to do this for nine successive nights. They were spread out on their backs, the arms and legs stretched out and fastened to the ground with sticks, and a cord tied about the neck so that they could 'stur no ways.' About Oct. 20, the whole part moved towards Canada. Two were killed by the way, the rest straggled into French or Indian towns about the first of Jan. The people of Hadley pursued for some distance, but returned with no tidings of the cap­tives. It was generally thought that the attack was made by the Mohawks, and Benjamin Waite, whose family was swept away, determined to seek them westward. He traversed the wilderness over the Hoosac Mountain, but found no trace of the marauders. He became satisfied that the Mohawks were innocent. With Stephen Jennings, whose wife and chil­dren were also captured, he made the journey to Canada in the winter. All the prisoners were ransomed by the help of Governor Frontenac upon the payment of two hundred pounds. On the 22d of Jan., before Waite could have returned from Quebec, his wife gave birth to a child who was named Canada. (Canada Waite, born in captivity, married Joseph Smith, of Hadley, and their daughter, Sarah Smith, b. 14 Oct., 1707, m. Elisha Smith (143), b. 10 July, 1705), son of Jonathan Smith and Abigail Kelhogg). They re­mained in Albany five days. It is said they walked twenty-two miles from Kinderhook, where they met men on horses from Hatfield. They rode through the woods to Westfield, and soon reached Hatfield in safety. The day of their arrival was one of the most joyful days Hatfield ever knew. Fifty days later a girl was born to Jennings and named Cap­tivity. On the 2d of May, the whole party turned their faces homeward. The following was sent from Albany:
" 'From Albany, May 23, 1678.
" 'To My Loving Friends & Kindred at Hatfield. These few lines are to let you understand that we are arrived at Albany now

with the captives, and we now stand in need of assistance, with my charges is very greate and heavy; and therefore any that hath any love to our condition, let it moove them to come and help us in this straight. There is 3 of ye captives that are murdered — old Goodman Plympton, Samuel Foot's daughter, Samuel Russell. All the rest are alive and well now with me at Albany, namely, Obadiah Dicken­son and his child, Mary Foote and her child, Hannah Gennings and her 3 children, Abigail Ellice, Abigail Bartholomew, Goodman Coleman's children, Samuel Kellogg, my wife and four children and Quintin Stockwell. I pray you hasten the matter, for it requireth greate haste. Stay not for ye Sabbath, nor shoeing of horses. We shal endeavour to meete you at Canterhook, it may be at Houseatonock. We must come very softly because of our wives and children. I pray you, hasten them, stay not night nor day, for ye matter requireth great hast. Bring provisions with you for us. Your loving kinsman,
" 'BENJAMIN WAITE.' "
"At Albany, written from myne owne hand. As I have been affected to yours, all that were fatherless, be affected to me now, and hasten ye matter and stay not, and ease me of my charges. You shall not need to be afraid of any enemies." (The Governor received the letter the 29th of May and the next day sent copies of Waite's letter to all the churches to be read from the pulpits on that occasion with the recommendation that a contribution for the benefit of the captives be taken up in every congregation. This touching appeal of Waite was generously responded to, and many an offering dropped on the altar of charity that day was sanctioned by tears.)
— Sheldon's History of Deerfield.

*Leonard Chester, one of the first settlers of Wethersfield, b. in Blaby, England. 15 July, 1610, was son of John and Dorothy Chester. He m. Mrs. Mary Wade, dau. of Mr. Nicholas Shaqie. Their son, John, b. in Watertown, Mass., 3 Aug., 1635, m. Sarah Welles, dau. of Thomas Welles, one of the first settlers of Hartford and Wethersfield, and fourth Governor of Connecticut. Stephen, son of John and Sarah Chester, b. 26 May, 1660, m. Jemima Treat, dau. of Lieut. James Treat, of Wethersfield. Their dau. Dorothy, b. in Wethersfield. 5 Sept., 1692, m. Capt. Martin Kellogg. Mrs. Dorothy Chester, widow of John Chester, of Blaby, County Leicester, Esq., was an original proprietor at Hartford in 1639; her home lot was on the west side of Main street, near Centinel Hill. She d. 1662; inventory taken May 27, 1662, £33, 11s., 8d, Edward Stebbing appointed to administer the estate (personal) and to pay the debts, the remainder to be at his dispose. She was a dau. of Thomas Hooker, of Marfield Co., Leicester, and a sister of Rev. Thomas Hooker.

*There is a tradition that he attempted to escape twice and was recaptured, provoking his captor's wrath and hastening his doom. One day while chopping wood, he was ap­proached by a friendly squaw, and asked if he knew what the wood he was cutting was to be used for. When answered in the negative, she said that it was to be used to burn him during that present moon. There was no alternative but escape, although the prospect for success was disheartening. At night he stealthily began his hopeless "flight, and started southward toward distant Deerfield. At early dawn he crawled into a hollow log for rest and concealment during the day, well knowing that he would be pursued. When he awoke after several hours' sleep, he found close to him in the log, coiled up asleep, a rattlesnake: Before he could escape, a party of his pursuers seated themselves upon the log for rest and consultation. Martin lay in breathless suspense, and soon the Indians went on their way of vengeance. He

cautiously left his hiding place, and speeded way in another direction from the one they had taken. For nine days he pursued his journey, traveling mostly by night, and hiding during the day. During all this time the only food he had was a cake baked in Indian fashion, and what he could gather of roots and berries in the forests. Finally, more dead than alive, he reached home, and was welcomed by his parents as one who was lost but found again, dead, yet alive again. How much truth there is in the story of his escape, the author is unable to say. Probably he was ransomed from this captivity, as the General Court of Massachusetts on the 3d of Nov., 1712, authorized a payment to him of £25 for ransom paid to secure his liberty from the Indians during a period of cap­tivity at Quebec.

*Bernardston was incorporated 1702. It was first called Fall Town, having been granted to the soldiers who were in the famous Falls Fight.

*This land was on top of Coys Hill, where the line of the west side of Brookfield crosses the road leading from Hadley to Boston. It was surveyed by T. Dwight, and the plan is in possession of Mrs. E. P. Cutter, of Warren.

* Stephen Lee and Elizabeth Woodward were m. in Westfield, Mass., 23 Dec., 1691.

*Mr. Matthew Noble was the first white man who came to reside in Sheffield. He was from Westfield and came and spent the first winter here with no other human associates than the Indians. In the spring he went to Westfield; and in June his dau., afterward the wife of Deacon Daniel Kellogg, returned here with him. She was the first white woman that came into the town. She traveled from Westfield when about 16 years of age on horse­back, bringing a bed with her, and lodged one night in the wilderness in what is now the east part of Tyringham. This Mr. Noble commenced labor and lived upon the plain near where Samuel Sheens now lives.
The way from Hampshire Co. and Hartford to Albany, in early days, was through the villages of Westfield and Kinderhook, and the territory now in Blandford, Sheffield, etc. Almost all the travel between Hampshire Co. and Albany, for nearly a century, was through Westfield.
— History of Hadley, p. 351.

*Of early marriages, Madame Knight, traveling through Connecticut in 1704, wrote thus in her diary of Connecticut youth: "They generally marry very young; the males oftener, as I am told, under twenty years than above." — Customs and Fashions in Old New England, p. 76.
These youthful marriages may in part be accounted for by the fact that up to the revolution boys reached man's estate at 16 years of age, became taxpayers and served in the militia. — Child Life in Colonial Days, p. 190.
**So says her gravestone in Sheffield, but this is probably an error; it would make her but 12 years" of age when she m. Amos Kellogg. Goodwin's Genealogical Notes, p. 181, give date of her birth 14 Sept., 1724.

* Samuel Partridge, Jr., was the son of Col. Samuel Partridge, of Hatfield, Mass., who was Representative 1685-86; Col. of the Peg.; Judge of Probate; one of the Council; after the death of Col. Pynchon in 1703, the most important man of the western part of the province.

*Joseph Sheldon was a son of Isaac Sheldon, of Windsor, Conn., b. about 1629. Rem. to Northampton, 1654; d. 29 July, 1708. He m. (1) 1653, Mary Woodford. She d. 17 April, 1684. He m. (2) Mehitable Ensign. He had fourteen children.
Mary Whiting was dau. of Joseph Whiting, merchant of Westfield. Mass., but returned to Hartford in 1675 or '76; He was Treasurer of Connecticut, succeeding his father, from 1678 till his death (thirty-nine years), when his son John succeeded him and continued in the office thirty-two years. He m. (1) 5 Oct., 1669, Mary, dau. of Hon. John Pynchon and

granddaughter of Hon. William Pynchon, the founder of Springfield, Mass. Her mother was Anna, dau. of Hon. Geo. Wyllys. He m. (2) 1676, Anna, dau. of Col. John Allen, son of Matthew Allen. He d. 1717. — Gen. Notes, Goodwin, p. 344.
William Whiting, "gentleman." one of the early settlers of Hartford, mentioned in the histories of this country as early as 1632 or '33. A "man of education and wealth. He was one of the most respectable of the settlers in 1636— "one of the civil and religious Fathers Of Connecticut," etc. Treasurer of Colony, 1641, till death, 1647; magistrate. — Gen. Notes, Goodwin, p. 329.

*Ensign Thomas Benedict was son of Thomas Benedict, of Jamaica, N. Y., and Mary Messenger. He m. 13 May, 1697, Rachel, dau. of Samuel Smith, and granddaughter of Matthew Marvin, Sr. He was a surveyor and served several terms as selectman.

Slavery was, at that period, the universal practice of all Christian nations, and although the early planters came to New England to obtain and maintain liberty, and "bond slaverie, villinage" and other feudal servitudes were prohibited, their necessities made negro slavery appear as an effectual way to solve the labor question.
Emanuel Downing, a brother-in-law of Gov. Winthrop, wrote in 1645 that he thought it "synne in us having power in our hand to suffer them (the Indiana) to mayntayne the worship of the devill," and suggests the exchange of Indians for negroes; following this suggestion the Indian war-prisoners, who proved such dangerous house-servants, seemed a convenient, cheap and God-sent means of exchange for "Moores," as they were called, who were far better servants. We find even gentle Roger Williams asking for "one of the drove of Adam's degenerate seed" as a slave. Lowell thus comments upon such ministrations: "Let any housewife of our day who does not find the Keltic element in domestic life so refreshing as to Mr. Arnold in literature, imagine a household with one wild Pequot woman, communicated with by signs, for its maid-of-all-work, and take courage. Those were serious times indeed when your cook might give warning by taking your scalp or chig­non, as the ease might be, and taking off with it into the woods."

In selling these Indian captives into slavery, the colonists were but following the ex­ample of other nations; for example, at the time of the English wars, numbers of Scots were brought to America and sold. At one time, in fact, "Scots, Indians and Negroes" were not allowed to train in the militia in Massachusetts.
Slavery lingered in New England until after revolutionary days, and it is said that its death blow was given in Worcester, Mass., in 1783, when a citizen was tried for beating his negro servant, and convicted, notwithstanding his plea that the black man was a slave.
The Declaration of Independence and the abolition of slavery did not seem to better the aspect of the servant question. The "Providence Gazette" published a notice in 1796 which opens thus and sounds quite "up to date:"
"Was mislaid or taken away by mistake, soon after the formation of the abolition society, from the servant girls in this town all inclination to do any kind of work, and left in lieu thereof an independent appearance, a strong and continued thirst for high wages, a gossiping disposition for every sort of amusement, a leering and hankering after persons of the other sex, a desire of finery and fashions, a never ceasing trot after new places more advantageous for stealing, with a number of contingent accomplishments that do not suit the wearers." — Extracted from Earle's "Customs and Fashions in Old New England."
* Thomas Fitch, of Norwalk, was son of Thomas Fitch and Anne Pue, of Bocking, Essex, a parish which adjoins Braintree, the home of the Kelloggs in England. He arrived in New England 1635-38 and was in Norwalk as early as 1652. His widowed mother came with him. John Fitch, his son, m. 3 Dec., 1664, Rebecca Lindall, dau. of Henry and Rosa­mond Lindall, of New Haven. John Fitch, son of John, b. in Norwalk, 29 Sept., 1677, m. Lydia Bushnell, dau. of Francis Bushnell and Hannah Seymour.

*An Indian trail from Norwalk to a point about two miles west of New Canaan village.
** John Reed, b. in Cornwall, England, 1633, was a soldier under Cromwell; after the restoration of Charles II he fled to New England; m. in Providence, R. I., Ann, widow of Francis Derby; rem. to Rye, N. Y., and about 1684 rem. to Norwalk, where he res. at or near Rowayton. His son John m. Elizabeth Tuttle, dau. of John Tuttle, of New Haven.

*One-half of the "Oblong," in which Southeast and Amenia were comprised, was bought and colonized by Norwalk people, but, as later surveys gave it to New York, many settlers returned to Connecticut.

*William Burrall, a younger son of Sir Peter Burrall, of Redruth, County Cornwall, England, came to America in 1715. He m. Joanna Westover, dau. of James Westover, of Windsor, Conn., a descendant of Jonas Westover, who settled in Windsor 1639. He was a chemist and metallurgist and was engaged in the copper mines in Simsbury, Conn., where he m. Joanna. He went to Jamaica, W. I., to open a mine and d. there.

*On his gravestone is the following: "Dear friends, be wise, 'tis time to know, The fading state of things below.
Little Enoch V. K. whom I make my heir, Make good use of what I leave, and for death prepare."

*Bristol was established as a parish 1744; incorporated as a town 1785. It was formerly a part of Farmington.
**E. Hartford was taken from Hartford, established as a parish in 1699; established as a town 1783. Manchester taken from E. Hartford 1823.

*Samuel Kent, of Suffield, Conn., was thrice m.: (1) to Abia Dwight, dau. of Nathaniel Dwight, of Northampton, Mass., 28 Feb., 1722. She d. 23 Feb., 1743, aged 45. Among the children of "the first wife were Lucy Kent, b. 27 Sept., 1724; m. Jonathan Kellogg (+294). Phillis, b. 29 July, 1729; m. Martin Kellogg (+298). Elijah Kent, m. (1) Rachel Kellogg (+295); (2) Jemima Kellogg (+280). Elihu Kent, m. Rebecca Kellogg (+297).

* See note under +294.

* Judge Frederick Kellogg, of Cornwall, Conn., has the muster roll of Gen. Swift's Reg., in which William is described: Height, 5 feet, 6 inches; hair brown, complexion dark. At the same time his children, Josiah, aged 10, enlisted as fifer, and Solomon, aged 7, as drummer.

*Mary Steele was fifth in descent from Gov. Bradford, of Plymouth, being grand­daughter of John Steele and Meletiah Bradford. She was fourth in descent from Hon. George Steele, who was "sent to govern the colonies of Connecticut," and came to Hartford with Thomas Hooker.